Section Block #AP0471
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Immunohistology buffers
Section Block
#AP0471
規格介紹:Immunohistology buffers
Section Block
#AP0471
| Section Block | AP0471-500 | 500 ml |
| AP0471-125 | 125 ml |
Section Block
#AP0471
Blocking solution based on chemically modified and fragmented ultra-pure casein. Effectively reduces unwanted binding of primary antibody and conjugates you use to a charged surface of the slide and tissue section. Greatly reduces non-specific binding while preserving the specific reaction. Saturates potential non-specific protein-protein interactions. In contrast to BSA-based, IgGs, casein, or serum -based blocking solutions there is no interaction of specific antibody and blocking protein itself. Recommended for research and diagnostic pathology, especially for retrieved sections and polyclonal antibodies.
詳細介紹:
Immunohistology buffers
Low background and strong specific reaction. Standardized staining.
ISO 9008 certified for diagnostics
A
B
Any antibody preparation has some potential to produce non-specific reaction in the assay. This originates from:
non-specific antibodies that are present in some proportion in any polyclonal antibody preparation, including affinity purified ones (often "affinity purified" means only isolation of IgG fraction on Prot A/G column, not the purification on the antigen column under very stringent conditions)
low specificity antibodies among specific ones in polyclonal
fragments of fallen apart IgGs in stored preparations, including monoclonal
separate heavy and light chains of specific antibodies, produced by most hybridomas
All these are capable of binding non-specifically to molecules on tissue sections, blots, fixed cells and other objects for immune detection. In case of retrieved formalin sections the risk of non-specific reaction is even higher, since to activate the epitope recovery the proteins comprising the tissue sections are denatured during HIER, thus making many domains accessible that are charged and capable of binding the test immunoglobulins in a non-specific manner.
The standard means to block non-specific binding of specific antibody preparation is to add an irrelevant protein, such as BSA, other serum, casein, etc. However, everyone who tried to do this knows that increasing (for effective blocking) concentration of such blocking agent leads to a great reduction of the specific reaction as well. This is due to large blocking molecules binding to accessible sites on section and thus sterically blocking access of specific antibodies to epitopes of interest (schematically represented in the figure on the left, top). All our buffers developed for immune assays isntead contain short (0.6-2 kD) peptides that are capable of effectively blocking non-specific reactions while not affecting the specific binding of antibody.(fugure on the left, bottom)
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Aptum's collection of Immunohistology buffers has also some other benefits (see below) and allows you to achieve the best quality IHC result without compromising the antigen detection. The buffers can also be used in other immune assays, such as immunofluorescence on sections, flow cytometry on fixed cells, hybridization of sections with antibody detection.
The Retriever IHC buffers empower you to control non-specific staining on every step of immunohistochemistry. They are especially highly recommended for research pathology where, in contrast to diagnostics, many polyclonal and/or low-affinity antibodies are used.
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Retriever-Grade High Adhesivity Tissue Slides Histobond+F, Routine & Cryostat
General Technical Characteristics the slides are made of soda-lime glass of third hydrolytic class. This glass fulfils all relevant optical requirements for light microscopy; meet the requirements of DIN ISO 8037/1; dimensions: approx. 76 x 26 mm; thickness: approx. 1 mm (tol. ± 0.05 mm); pre-cleaned and ready for use. Our slides are cleaned thoroughly by multi-stage processes without using any surfactants. Thus we accomplish ready for use, pre-cleaned, well wettable slides‘ surfaces; autoclavable finely ground edges with 90º shape. We apply water-cooled grinding processes which results in remarkably smooth and burr-free edges. have an imprinted frosted end of approx. 20 mm, which can be printed with various printer systems and labelled with permanent markers. Dark markings contrast, especially well with the bright colours of the labelling areas and thus facilitate the identification of preparations. The thin layer of the labelling area prevents the slides from sticking together, which facilitates the use of these slides on automated machinery. supplied in plastic boxes of 100 pieces, 20 boxes in a carton Histobond+F, Routine & Cryostat #AP0603 High quality tissue slidesfor cryostat tissues and routine IHC staining for pathology and histology experiments.
Retriever-Grade High Adhesivity Tissue Slides Histobond+X, Covalent Binding
General Technical Characteristics the slides are made of soda-lime glass of third hydrolytic class. This glass fulfils all relevant optical requirements for light microscopy; meet the requirements of DIN ISO 8037/1; dimensions: approx. 76 x 26 mm; thickness: approx. 1 mm (tol. ± 0.05 mm); pre-cleaned and ready for use. Our slides are cleaned thoroughly by multi-stage processes without using any surfactants. Thus we accomplish ready for use, pre-cleaned, well wettable slides‘ surfaces; autoclavable finely ground edges with 90º shape. We apply water-cooled grinding processes which results in remarkably smooth and burr-free edges. have an imprinted frosted end of approx. 20 mm, which can be printed with various printer systems and labelled with permanent markers. Dark markings contrast, especially well with the bright colours of the labelling areas and thus facilitate the identification of preparations. The thin layer of the labelling area prevents the slides from sticking together, which facilitates the use of these slides on automated machinery. supplied in plastic boxes of 100 pieces, 20 boxes in a carton Histobond+X, Covalent Binding #AP0602 Superior quality slides with coating covalently binding the tissue. Use for all small tissue section (or small at least in one dimention). Surerior for fat tissues, arrays, and similar experiments with valuable materials.
Retriever-Grade High Adhesivity Tissue Slides Histobond+R, Supercharged
General Technical Characteristics the slides are made of soda-lime glass of third hydrolytic class. This glass fulfils all relevant optical requirements for light microscopy; meet the requirements of DIN ISO 8037/1; dimensions: approx. 76 x 26 mm; thickness: approx. 1 mm (tol. ± 0.05 mm); pre-cleaned and ready for use. Our slides are cleaned thoroughly by multi-stage processes without using any surfactants. Thus we accomplish ready for use, pre-cleaned, well wettable slides‘ surfaces; autoclavable finely ground edges with 90º shape. We apply water-cooled grinding processes which results in remarkably smooth and burr-free edges. have an imprinted frosted end of approx. 20 mm, which can be printed with various printer systems and labelled with permanent markers. Dark markings contrast, especially well with the bright colours of the labelling areas and thus facilitate the identification of preparations. The thin layer of the labelling area prevents the slides from sticking together, which facilitates the use of these slides on automated machinery. supplied in plastic boxes of 100 pieces, 20 boxes in a carton Histobond+R, Supercharged #AP0601 Tissue slides with superior charged surface, consistency of lots, and best physical characteristics of glass used, Recommended for all impirtant experiments, experimental pathology, IHC and IF.
H-Recovery, 10x
The type of epitope defines the most appropriate recovery buffer As mentioned above, most of currently used commercial antibodies are derived either against a bacterially expressed fragment of target protein or a synthetic peptide epitope. A standard approach used for development of a specific antibody usually means that a well-exposed surface epitope area and/or unique fragment of a protein were chosen for antibody development. However, when an antibody is prepared against a unique mutated or modified epitope, or unique epitope that differs in closely related proteins of the same family of molecules, then the choice of the epitope is rather limited, and it may be not exposed or be a part of a structure which is present only in a mature, folded molecule. In those cases, R-Universal may be not the best buffer, as well as standard EDTA etc. The chart below may be used to choose the most appropriate buffer for epitope recovery in relation to the type of the epitope: This epitope is usually recognised by antibodies raised against a hydrophilic peptide or bacterially produced fragments of a target protein. Discontinuous epitope requires at least some proper folding of the molecule. Antibodies to such epitopes are usually raised against native antigen, often glycosylated, or in complex with other proteins. Structural epitope requires proper folding of the native protein, usually with cysteine bridges being intact. In mature protein such epitope is usually hidden. Usually antibody is raised against an immunogenicbut not highly hydrophilic peptide epitope.. In total we offer 5 different buffers for antigen recovery. Most of epitopes can be perfectly recovered in R-Universal buffer, including those usually recovered in Citrate/EDTA/Tris-EDTA buffers. Two new buffers offer solutions for rare, but still existing cases when antibody gives an incorrect pattern on a retrieved section or no staining at all. We also now offer analogues of standard Low (Citrate) and High (EDTA) pH-buffers in case you already use antibodies known to work after tissues being processed in one of these buffers. Below we provide another chart that helps you to choose the most appropriate buffer even for antibodies that were never tested in FF/PE sections. Alternatively, use the Epitope Recovery Buffer Kit to establish the best buffer in test antigen unmasking.
L-Recovery, 10x
The type of epitope defines the most appropriate recovery buffer As mentioned above, most of currently used commercial antibodies are derived either against a bacterially expressed fragment of target protein or a synthetic peptide epitope. A standard approach used for development of a specific antibody usually means that a well-exposed surface epitope area and/or unique fragment of a protein were chosen for antibody development. However, when an antibody is prepared against a unique mutated or modified epitope, or unique epitope that differs in closely related proteins of the same family of molecules, then the choice of the epitope is rather limited, and it may be not exposed or be a part of a structure which is present only in a mature, folded molecule. In those cases, R-Universal may be not the best buffer, as well as standard EDTA etc. The chart below may be used to choose the most appropriate buffer for epitope recovery in relation to the type of the epitope: This epitope is usually recognised by antibodies raised against a hydrophilic peptide or bacterially produced fragments of a target protein. Discontinuous epitope requires at least some proper folding of the molecule. Antibodies to such epitopes are usually raised against native antigen, often glycosylated, or in complex with other proteins. Structural epitope requires proper folding of the native protein, usually with cysteine bridges being intact. In mature protein such epitope is usually hidden. Usually antibody is raised against an immunogenicbut not highly hydrophilic peptide epitope.. In total we offer 5 different buffers for antigen recovery. Most of epitopes can be perfectly recovered in R-Universal buffer, including those usually recovered in Citrate/EDTA/Tris-EDTA buffers. Two new buffers offer solutions for rare, but still existing cases when antibody gives an incorrect pattern on a retrieved section or no staining at all. We also now offer analogues of standard Low (Citrate) and High (EDTA) pH-buffers in case you already use antibodies known to work after tissues being processed in one of these buffers. Below we provide another chart that helps you to choose the most appropriate buffer even for antibodies that were never tested in FF/PE sections. Alternatively, use the Epitope Recovery Buffer Kit to establish the best buffer in test antigen unmasking.
U-Recovery, 10x
The type of epitope defines the most appropriate recovery buffer As mentioned above, most of currently used commercial antibodies are derived either against a bacterially expressed fragment of target protein or a synthetic peptide epitope. A standard approach used for development of a specific antibody usually means that a well-exposed surface epitope area and/or unique fragment of a protein were chosen for antibody development. However, when an antibody is prepared against a unique mutated or modified epitope, or unique epitope that differs in closely related proteins of the same family of molecules, then the choice of the epitope is rather limited, and it may be not exposed or be a part of a structure which is present only in a mature, folded molecule. In those cases, R-Universal may be not the best buffer, as well as standard EDTA etc. The chart below may be used to choose the most appropriate buffer for epitope recovery in relation to the type of the epitope: This epitope is usually recognised by antibodies raised against a hydrophilic peptide or bacterially produced fragments of a target protein. Discontinuous epitope requires at least some proper folding of the molecule. Antibodies to such epitopes are usually raised against native antigen, often glycosylated, or in complex with other proteins. Structural epitope requires proper folding of the native protein, usually with cysteine bridges being intact. In mature protein such epitope is usually hidden. Usually antibody is raised against an immunogenicbut not highly hydrophilic peptide epitope.. In total we offer 5 different buffers for antigen recovery. Most of epitopes can be perfectly recovered in R-Universal buffer, including those usually recovered in Citrate/EDTA/Tris-EDTA buffers. Two new buffers offer solutions for rare, but still existing cases when antibody gives an incorrect pattern on a retrieved section or no staining at all. We also now offer analogues of standard Low (Citrate) and High (EDTA) pH-buffers in case you already use antibodies known to work after tissues being processed in one of these buffers. Below we provide another chart that helps you to choose the most appropriate buffer even for antibodies that were never tested in FF/PE sections. Alternatively, use the Epitope Recovery Buffer Kit to establish the best buffer in test antigen unmasking.
T-Universal,10x
The type of epitope defines the most appropriate recovery buffer As mentioned above, most of currently used commercial antibodies are derived either against a bacterially expressed fragment of target protein or a synthetic peptide epitope. A standard approach used for development of a specific antibody usually means that a well-exposed surface epitope area and/or unique fragment of a protein were chosen for antibody development. However, when an antibody is prepared against a unique mutated or modified epitope, or unique epitope that differs in closely related proteins of the same family of molecules, then the choice of the epitope is rather limited, and it may be not exposed or be a part of a structure which is present only in a mature, folded molecule. In those cases, R-Universal may be not the best buffer, as well as standard EDTA etc. The chart below may be used to choose the most appropriate buffer for epitope recovery in relation to the type of the epitope: This epitope is usually recognised by antibodies raised against a hydrophilic peptide or bacterially produced fragments of a target protein. Discontinuous epitope requires at least some proper folding of the molecule. Antibodies to such epitopes are usually raised against native antigen, often glycosylated, or in complex with other proteins. Structural epitope requires proper folding of the native protein, usually with cysteine bridges being intact. In mature protein such epitope is usually hidden. Usually antibody is raised against an immunogenicbut not highly hydrophilic peptide epitope.. In total we offer 5 different buffers for antigen recovery. Most of epitopes can be perfectly recovered in R-Universal buffer, including those usually recovered in Citrate/EDTA/Tris-EDTA buffers. Two new buffers offer solutions for rare, but still existing cases when antibody gives an incorrect pattern on a retrieved section or no staining at all. We also now offer analogues of standard Low (Citrate) and High (EDTA) pH-buffers in case you already use antibodies known to work after tissues being processed in one of these buffers. Below we provide another chart that helps you to choose the most appropriate buffer even for antibodies that were never tested in FF/PE sections. Alternatively, use the Epitope Recovery Buffer Kit to establish the best buffer in test antigen unmasking.
R-UNIVERSAL Epitope Recovery Buffer (10x stock)
One for All: the Universal Buffer We proudly present our novel, patent-pending R-Universal (R stands for Retriever) buffer for antigen unmasking/epitope recovery on formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded sections[1]. Being specifically developed for 2100 Retriever, it was thoroughly tested in pathology labs across the UK, and is now available for all users of Retriever and other researchers who work with routine tissue material. Why the Universal Buffer? Epitope recovery on formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections, requires heatinduced treatment in buffer or, sometimes, proteolytic treatment of the deparaffinized tissue section. Which buffer to use, greatly depends on the exact antibody and the properties of the recognized epitope, therefore, one can find in literature and practice use of many buffers, including Citrate pH 3.4, Citrate 6.0, EDTA 8.0, Tris 9.0- 10.0, TrisEDTA, etc. Moreover, for individual antigens also the time of recovery in the individual buffer should be defined, as this may be different, and the treatment often destroys the epitope. Aptum offers a novel (patent-pending) technology for epitope recovery, primarily based on reversing the fixation effects of formaldehyde, which created links primarily between ε-amino groups of lysine and other amino-groups. The buffer was extensively tested in pathology Departments in United Kingdom, and has shown excellent results when used with different antibodies, including those that normally require for successful staining treatment only in Low, or only High pH buffers, or require protolithic treatment. Universal Buffer may be used in any heat-induced epitope recovery system (the time and temperature of treatment should be tested), but was specifically adjusted for tissue sections processing in 2100 Retriever (www.antigen-retriever.com). Using Universal Buffer in Retriever guarantees the highest rate of success in recovering epitope for any antibody, especially one that was never previously used on formalin-fixed sections. Properties Clear, non-toxic solution. May be slightly irritable for sensitive skin and eyes. Please wear gloves while handling the 10x stock. Presentation R-Universal Buffer is supplied as 10x concentrate. For epitope recovery dilute 1 part of stock with 9 parts of deionized water. Application Place deparaffinized sections into slide chamber, fill the buffer until the frosted part of the glass (50 to 70 ml of ready buffer for a chamber, depends on the load). Run a recovery cycle in 2100 Retriever according to its Manual. We recommend using 2100 Retriever, as the most accurately controlling refolding of the protein. If you use another system, please calibrate the time required for processing; it may depend on your unit temperature and pressure. Stability and Storage The preparation is stable for 1 year when stored unopened at +40C. Every lot is issued with a certificate indicating the expiry date. After opening, store at +40C in the refrigerator and use within 6 months. Certification Each lot is certified for compliance to specifications. The product is produced under DIN EN ISO 9001 :2008 Quality Management system for the products in Immunoassay Development and Measurement, Products for Bioanalytics and lmmunoassays.
